Structural Steel (C-51) · Lesson 3 of 6

High-Strength Bolts: Assemblies, Holes, and Caltrans Verification Testing

"High-Strength Bolts: Assemblies, Holes, and Caltrans Verification Testing" is lesson 3 of 6 in the Structural Steel (C-51) Learning Hub. It opens with "What Makes Up a High-Strength Fastener Assembly" and works through 5 short steps, then a worked example you can check yourself against.

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Steps in this lesson

  1. What Makes Up a High-Strength Fastener Assembly
  2. Hole Sizes and Preparation
  3. Installing the Assembly
  4. Test the Lot Before You Install
  5. Verification Testing After Tightening

The worked example in the course applies this lesson to a realistic job in 6 steps, from "Largest finished hole" through "Verification count".

What you'll be able to do

  • Explain the main idea of "High-Strength Bolts: Assemblies, Holes, and Caltrans Verification Testing" in plain language you can use on the exam.
  • Apply this step with confidence: "Installing the Assembly".
  • Apply this step with confidence: "Test the Lot Before You Install".
  • Apply this step with confidence: "Verification Testing After Tightening".
  • Test yourself on the worked example and the quick-check quiz inside the classroom.
High-Strength Bolts: Hole, Stickout, and TestingHOLE, BOLT, AND STICKOUThole +1/16 inbolt headnutstickout: flush+7/8 in bolt: hole at most 7/8 + 1/16 = 15/16 in1 in and over: hole at most 1/8 in largerAt least 3 full threads inside the gripNo punching A36 over 7/8 in thickRound within 1/32 in; square within 1 in 20LOT SAMPLE SIZE (FASTENER ASSEMBLIES)Lot sizeSamples1 to 2802281 to 3,20033,201 to 35,000435,001 to 150,0005150,001 to 500,0006500,001 and over7Verify within 48 h of tensioning:10% of each type, at least 2 per connectionLot of 1,500 assemblies: 3 samples | 30 bolts: 10% = 3 tested7/8 in bolt: hole 15/16 in max; drill the 1 in A36 plateSources: Caltrans Std Specs 55-1.02E(6)(b)-(c), 55-1.01C(3)(c), 55-1.01D(3)(c)(iv)CC
The diagram for this lesson, exactly as it appears in the Learning Hub.

The first steps of this lesson

Step 1: What Makes Up a High-Strength Fastener Assembly

Caltrans Section 55 requires bolted structural steel joints to be made with HS fastener assemblies, either (1) an HS bolt, nut and hardened washer (a direct tension indicator may be used with them) or (2) a tension control bolt, nut and hardened washer. Each length and diameter of assembly used in any single joint must come from the same rotational capacity lot, and you keep a record of which lots go in each joint. The 2025 CBC sends the design and installation of steel connections to the referenced standards and sends special inspection of high-strength bolt installation to §1705.2. The pretension values and nut-rotation tables live in the RCSC Specification that Caltrans adopts by reference; they are not printed in any California code book on disk, so this lesson does not teach them. Source: 2025 Caltrans Standard Specifications, Section 55-1.02E(6)(a) (text, page 903); 2025 CBC §2201.4 (Ch. 22 text, page 3).

Step 2: Hole Sizes and Preparation

Bolt holes may be punched full size, drilled full size, subpunched and reamed, or subdrilled and reamed. A finished hole must be round within 1/32 in, perpendicular to the plane of the connection within 1 in 20, and at most 1/16 in larger than the nominal bolt diameter for bolts under 1.0 in, or at most 1/8 in larger for bolts of 1.0 in and over. All holes must pass a pin 3/16 in smaller than the nominal hole size. Do not punch or subpunch ASTM A36 steel thicker than 7/8 in, or HS structural steel thicker than 3/4 in. Source: 2025 Caltrans Standard Specifications, Section 55-1.02E(6)(b)(i) and (ii) (text, page 904).

The remaining 3 steps, the worked example and the quiz are in the course. This is a preview. The full lesson, with the step-by-step explanations, a worked example and a quick-check quiz, is inside the classroom.

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