Boiler and Steam Fitting (C-4) · Lesson 6 of 7

Boiler Energy Code Rules: Input Size and Return Water Temperature

"Boiler Energy Code Rules: Input Size and Return Water Temperature" is lesson 6 of 7 in the Boiler and Steam Fitting (C-4) Learning Hub. It opens with "What Counts as a Commercial Boiler" and works through 5 short steps, then a worked example you can check yourself against.

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Steps in this lesson

  1. What Counts as a Commercial Boiler
  2. Mandatory Features: Section 120.9
  3. Hydronic System Measures: Section 140.4(k)
  4. High-Capacity Gas Boiler Systems: Section 140.4(k)8
  5. How This Meets the Mechanical Code

The worked example in the course applies this lesson to a realistic job in 6 steps, starting with "Weighted efficiency".

What you'll be able to do

  • Explain the main idea of "Boiler Energy Code Rules: Input Size and Return Water Temperature" in plain language you can use on the exam.
  • Apply this step with confidence: "Hydronic System Measures: Section 140.4(k)".
  • Apply this step with confidence: "High-Capacity Gas Boiler Systems: Section 140.4(k)8".
  • Apply this step with confidence: "How This Meets the Mechanical Code".
  • Test yourself on the worked example and the quick-check quiz inside the classroom.
Boiler Energy Code Rules by SizeWHAT TRIGGERS AT EACH BOILER INPUT (scale not proportional)300,000Commercialboiler starts(100.1)500,000Supply tempreset required(140.4(k)4)1 MMBtu/hSystem 1 to 10:90% thermal eff.(140.4(k)8)2.5 MMBtu/hCombustion airpositive shut-off(120.9(a))5 MMBtu/hStack O2 ≤ 5.0%trim required(120.9(c))10 MMBtu/h(k)8 rangeends hereWORKED EXAMPLE: 3 GAS BOILERS, 1,000,000 Btu/h EACH, ONE STACK (CLIMATE ZONE 12)Stack total 3,000,000 ≥ 2,500,000: positive shut-off REQUIRED | each boiler under 5 MMBtu/h: no O2 trimTotal 3.0 MMBtu/h is in the 1 to 10 range: weighted efficiency (94 + 94 + 85) / 3 = 91.0% ≥ 90% PASSReturn water, 20% bypass: 0.80 x 105 + 0.20 x 160 = 116 F (120 F or less) PASSReturn water, 30% bypass: 0.70 x 105 + 0.30 x 160 = 121.5 F and over 20% of design flow FAILMore than one boiler: automatic boiler isolation (140.4(k)3). Over 500,000 Btu/h: supply temperature reset (140.4(k)4)CMC 1201.5: meet the manufacturer minimum return-water temperature; noncondensing boilers protected (1207.2.2)NUMBERS TO KNOWReturn water to boilers: 120 F or less (or recirculation 20% of design flow or less) | Space-heating supply: 130 F or less (120.2(l))Combustion air fans 10 hp or larger: variable speed drive, or 30% of design wattage at 50% air volume (120.9(b))Boilers 5 MMBtu/h and up: stack O2 at 5.0% or less, dry basis, 20 to 100% firing rate (120.9(c))Plant passes with positive shut-off, 91.0% weighted efficiency and 20% maximum bypassSource: 2025 California Energy Code 100.1, 120.2(l), 120.9, 140.4(k)3, 4 and 8; CMC 1201.5, 1207.2CC
The diagram for this lesson, exactly as it appears in the Learning Hub.

The first steps of this lesson

Step 1: What Counts as a Commercial Boiler

2025 Energy Code §100.1 defines a commercial boiler as a boiler with a capacity (rated maximum input) of 300,000 Btu/h or more serving a space heating or water heating load in a commercial building, and a boiler system as one or more boilers with their piping and controls that supply steam or hot water to heat output devices remote from the boiler. The mandatory and prescriptive boiler rules below key off the input rating, so the first job on any boiler plant is to total the input of the boilers and note how many share a stack.

Step 2: Mandatory Features: Section 120.9

On newly installed commercial boilers, §120.9(a) requires combustion air positive shut-off on all boilers of 2.5 MMBtu/h (2,500,000 Btu/h) and above that are designed to operate with a nonpositive vent static pressure, and on all boilers where one stack serves two or more boilers with a total combined input of 2.5 MMBtu/h per stack. A flue damper or vent damper is a positive shut-off device (§100.1). Per §120.9(b), combustion air fans with motors of 10 hp or larger must use a variable speed drive or controls that limit the fan to no more than 30 percent of design wattage at 50 percent of design air volume. Per §120.9(c), boilers of 5 MMBtu/h and greater must hold stack-gas oxygen at 5.0 percent or less (dry basis) over firing rates of 20 to 100 percent, controlling combustion air with firing rate or flue gas oxygen, with common linkage or jackshaft prohibited; boilers with a steady-state full-load combustion efficiency of 90 percent or higher are excepted.

The remaining 3 steps, the worked example and the quiz are in the course. This is a preview. The full lesson, with the step-by-step explanations, a worked example and a quick-check quiz, is inside the classroom.

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